Ecuador country guide: visas, airlines and living abroad

Understanding Ecuador

Ecuador requires a travel and relocation plan that reflects its geography, administrative arrangements and the traveller’s own circumstances. This guide brings together basic country information, aviation context, entry planning, longer-term residence considerations and practical preparation. A visitor, an international student, an employee and a person joining family may face different procedures even when they hold the same passport.

The country profile places Ecuador in South America. The listed capital or administrative centre is Quito; the language metadata lists Spanish. Currency information is presented as United States dollar (USD), and the internet-domain information is .ec. These details are useful when checking application addresses, interpreting invoices, identifying local services and arranging communication. A country-code domain identifies an internet namespace; it does not, by itself, authenticate an immigration service or establish an applicant’s eligibility.

Use the guide in two stages. First, understand the destination and prepare a realistic itinerary or relocation objective. Then confirm the applicable requirements with the authority responsible for your nationality, passport type, place of legal residence and purpose of travel. The country-specific official extracts below retain their source dates and scope. They must not be read as a universal visa decision for all passports, and an airline ticket or a consultation booking does not confer permission to enter.

Demographic, geographic and transport material attributed to the CIA World Factbook comes from its final archived edition. Figures retain their original reference years and are historical background rather than a claim that every statistic is current. Government travel-advice extracts are reproduced with attribution under the Open Government Licence. The sections on preparation are practical editorial guidance; they do not invent a visa category, processing guarantee or entitlement to permanent residence. Check the linked original advice again before travel, as the published snapshot can change. Map boundaries are illustrative and do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.

Country facts, geography and economic context

Historical country context, adapted from the public-domain CIA World Factbook final archive. Original dates are retained. These facts do not establish current entry or residence rights.

History and national context

Geographic position

Land area

Landscape

Climate and seasonal planning

Natural hazards

Environmental conditions

Geographic considerations

Capital and administrative centre

Regional administration

Settlement patterns

Population snapshot

Urban development

Major urban areas

Languages and communication

Religion and cultural context

Society and communities

Economic context

Industry and employment context

Agriculture

Trade and exports

Trade and imports

Legal-system background

Names and terminology

National holiday

Internet identity

Airport infrastructure

Rail infrastructure

Airlines and transport to Ecuador

Air travel to Ecuador should be planned around the actual operating airport, the operating carrier and the legal conditions at every connection. A marketed flight may be operated by another airline under a codeshare arrangement. Identify which carrier performs each sector, where checked luggage is transferred and whether a change of terminal or airport requires passing through immigration. A cheap connection is not necessarily usable if the traveller lacks the relevant transit or entry permission.

The airline information below uses IATA’s membership directory retrieved on 2026-10-10. Membership is a useful way to identify registered carriers and their airline codes, but it is not a complete census of airlines, a flight timetable or a statement that every carrier operates passenger services. Cargo airlines may also appear. Registration in Ecuador does not mean an airline serves the traveller’s departure city, and foreign airlines may be the practical option for reaching the destination. Consult the carrier and airport directly for current routes and operating restrictions.

IATA-listed carriers registered in this destination

• Avianca Ecuador — IATA designator 2K
• LATAM Airlines Ecuador — IATA designator XL

Before paying for flights, check the spelling of the passenger name, passport validity, baggage entitlement, change conditions and refund rules. Compare a protected through-ticket with separate tickets: a missed connection on independently booked sectors may leave the traveller responsible for replacement transport and accommodation. Keep sufficient time for immigration, security screening and baggage collection, especially when arriving in Ecuador after a long international connection.

For an island, remote settlement or seasonal route, review the consequences of cancellation as carefully as the outward journey. Weather, runway limitations and operating schedules may restrict alternatives. Keep essential medicines, identification, payment methods and a change of clothing in hand luggage. Carry the address of the first accommodation and a reliable arrival contact. Never assume that a visa exemption also removes an airline’s document checks, or that approval for the destination automatically covers a transit country.

How to plan a visa application for Ecuador

Start with the intended activity rather than the name of a visa found on a commercial website. A short holiday, attendance at meetings, a paid assignment, an academic course and joining a spouse can require different permissions. Write a short factual description of the trip, its duration, who will pay and whether any work will be performed. The responsible authority can then assess the relevant category without relying on an ambiguous description such as “business travel”.

Next, establish which rules apply to the individual passport holder. Nationality, ordinary or diplomatic passport status, dual citizenship, existing residence permits and previous immigration history can affect the route. An entry exemption offered to one nationality should not be applied to another. Likewise, a resident of a neighbouring country may still need permission based on nationality. Where a guide quotes UK travel advice, its stated British-passport scope is retained; it is not a promise that another passport receives the same treatment in Ecuador.

Identify the correct application channel through an official embassy, consulate, immigration department or government portal. Check whether the application must be made from the applicant’s country of nationality or legal residence, and whether a third-party centre is officially appointed. Search advertisements and a country-code website address are not adequate evidence of authorisation. Confirm the official fee, currency, payment method and process for obtaining a receipt before transferring money or uploading identity documents.

Build the evidence file around the published checklist for the selected category. Possible evidence can include a passport, photographs, a travel plan, accommodation details, financial records, an invitation or proof of a family relationship, but the required list must come from the authority. Names, dates and addresses should be consistent across forms and supporting documents. Explain genuine discrepancies honestly; do not alter a bank record, conceal a refusal or submit a reservation that is presented as paid when it is not.

If translations, certification or legalisation are required, establish the accepted language and format before commissioning them. A translation accepted by a university or employer may not satisfy the immigration authority. Keep the source document, translator’s certification and any required legalisation together. Ask whether a digital upload is sufficient or originals must be produced at an appointment. Where biometrics or an interview are requested, attendance arrangements and passport retention may affect other planned journeys.

Submit only after reviewing every answer and retain the application reference, payment receipt and a complete copy of the evidence. Monitor the official account or authorised communication channel for requests. Respond within the stated period and keep a record of what was supplied. Processing-time estimates are planning information rather than guarantees; do not invent a completion date for Ecuador, and avoid non-refundable commitments until the documents and travel conditions are suitable.

When a decision is issued, examine the name, passport number, entry validity, permitted duration, number of entries and any activity restrictions. An approval letter may require a later step before boarding or after arrival. If an application is refused, read the reasons and the authority’s instructions for any review, appeal or new application. A different factual situation or corrected evidence should be explained clearly; repeatedly submitting an unchanged file is unlikely to resolve the underlying issue.

Ecuador: official entry, safety and health information

Country-specific official material reproduced from UK FCDO travel advice under the Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright. The entry section is scoped to British passport holders as stated by the source; other nationalities must check their own requirements. Source last updated: 2026-10-02T16:26:29+01:00. Retrieved 2026-10-10. Read the current original advice.

Warnings and insurance

Your travel insurance could be invalidated if you travel against advice from the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO).

Areas where FCDO advises against all but essential travel  

Coastal Region

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to the Coastal Region provinces of:

• Esmeraldas
• Manabí
• Santa Elena
• Guayas
• El Oro
• Los Ríos
• Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas

This does not apply to airside transit within Guayaquil Airport in Guayas province.

Within 20km of the Ecuador-Colombia border 

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to areas within 20km of the Ecuador-Colombia border, except for these areas in Carchi province: 

• El Ángel Ecological Reserve 
• Rumichaca border crossing 
• the town of Tulcán 
• the Pan-American Highway  

Find out more about why FCDO advises against travel.

State of Emergency 

The Ecuadorean government has declared a 60-day state of emergency as of 15 September, for security reasons in the following 8 provinces: 

• Guayas 

• Manabí 

• Santa Elena 

• Los Ríos 

• El Oro 

• Pichincha 

• Esmeraldas 

• Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas 

The state of emergency includes the following cantons:  

• La Maná (Cotopaxi province) 

• Las Naves (Bolívar province) 

• Camilo Ponce Enriquez (Azuay province)

The State of Emergency will mean greater police and military presence on the streets. It includes curfew hours (from 12am to 5am) for the provinces of El Oro, Guayas, Los Rios and Manabi, from 17 to 30 September. Follow the advice of local authorities and monitor local media.

Before you travel 

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance 

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency. 

About FCDO travel advice

FCDO provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice. 

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Entry requirements

This information is for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government’s understanding of Ecuador’s current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Ecuador set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Ecuadorean Embassy in the UK.

Documents required to enter via land or river border

If you wish to enter Ecuador via a land or river border from Peru or Colombia, you must present a criminal record certificate from the country where you lived for the last 5 years. The certificate must be legalised with the Hague Apostille and translated into Spanish if issued in another language. This mandatory requirement was announced on 11 January 2024 for implementation with immediate effect.

Alternatively, if you do not have a legalised criminal record certificate, you can ask the Ecuadorean immigration authorities at the border to carry out a check on their ’SIMIEC’ Ecuadorean Immigration System (which flags any travel prohibitions or INTERPOL alerts). The following people are exempt from the presentation of the criminal record certificate:

• Holders of a valid Ecuadorean visa
• Holders of diplomatic passports
• Children and adolescents under 18
• Victims of human trafficking or those seeking international protection under the Ecuadorean Human Mobility Law.

There are no restrictions in place for anyone flying into Ecuador.

To obtain a UK Police Criminal Record Certificate, check the ACRO website. For information about legalising the document with the Hague apostille check the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s Legalisation Office website site.

Passport validity requirements 

To enter Ecuador, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ at least 6 months after the date you arrive. 

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to.  

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen. 

Dual nationals

When returning to the UK, British citizens must carry a valid British passport or certificate of entitlement. See Dual citizenship.

Visa requirements 

You can visit Ecuador without a visa for up to 90 days in any 12-month period.

If you’re already in Ecuador and want to stay longer than 90 days, you can pay to extend your stay (in Spanish) by an extra 90 days. You must apply for an extension before the first 90-day period ends or you could be fined.  

If you overstay your visa, you will get a fine when you leave. You will not be allowed to return to Ecuador unless you pay the fine before you leave the country. 

For immigration information, see Ecuador Migration.

To stay longer, to work or study, for business travel or for other reasons, you must meet the Ecuadorean government’s entry requirements (in Spanish).

Applying for a visa 

Ecuador’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility (MFAHM) has an e-visa application process (in Spanish).  Find the relevant MFAHM district zone offices.

For general guidance contact [email protected] or call (02) 299 3200 extension 23064.

Checks at border control 

All travellers entering Ecuador must register their entry and exit in the national immigration database. This is a mandatory requirement under Ecuadorean immigration regulations. At border control, you may be asked to: 

• provide your reason for travel 

• show proof of a return or onward journey

Peru and Colombia land border crossings 

On the northern border with Colombia, the Rumichaca checkpoint is open. On the southern border with Peru, the Huaquillas, Macará, Zapotillo, and Lalamor checkpoints are open to international travellers. 

Other checkpoints remain closed until further notice.

If you are entering Ecuador by land from Peru or Colombia, it is essential to use an official immigration checkpoint to receive the required passport entry stamp indicating your arrival date. Some buses may bypass immigration checkpoints, which can result in travellers not receiving the necessary stamp. This can lead to serious immigration issues.   

Evading immigration control filters, regardless of the reason, is considered a serious offence. According to official sources:  

• it will result in denied entry (‘inadmisión’) on future entry attempts 

• immigration fines are generally not applicable for this type of violation (but they apply for overstaying cases) 

• for official enquiries or direct assistance, contact an  immigration office (in Spanish) as soon as possible

Galapagos Islands 

Tourists can stay in the Galapagos Islands for up to 60 days. To enter Galapagos, you must have: 

• evidence of a hotel booking or an invitation letter from your host  
• evidence of a return flight to the Ecuadorean mainland  
• purchase a transit control card at your departure airport before checking in for your flight – you must also keep a copy 
• travel health insurance, which is mandatory for foreign tourists

If you are travelling to or from Galapagos Islands via Guayaquil airport you should check with the airline before booking to ensure you will remain airside at Guayaquil airport.  FCDO advises against all but essential travel to Guayaquil, except for airside transit through the airport.

Check the Ministry of Tourism’s accredited tourism service providers (in Spanish), which includes information on accommodation, transport, tour operators and restaurants.

Travelling with children 

Leaving Ecuador  

British children, including British - Ecuadorean dual nationals, aged 17 and under must have a notarised consent letter (in Spanish) to leave Ecuador if they are:

• travelling alone or with one parent or legal guardian
• resident in Ecuador or have been in Ecuador for over 90 days, even if they are travelling on a British passport

If they are tourists (not resident in Ecuador) British children (or British-Ecuadorean dual nationals) do not need a notarised consent letter (Art.137 Human Mobility Organic Law’ 2017).

If one parent is deceased, the other parent must submit the death certificate to an Ecuadorean public notary to get an indefinite notarial permit to travel with the child. 

In more complex situations, such as legal disputes, a child will need judicial written permission (‘Autorización de Viaje Judicial’) issued by an Ecuadorian judge (‘Juzgado de la Niñez y Adolescencia’).  

Entering Ecuador  

Children entering Ecuador with someone other than a parent or legal guardian do not need a consent letter. 

Vaccine requirements  

For full details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro’s Ecuador guide. 

Customs rules 

From 29 July, every adult passenger or family group travelling to or from Ecuador carrying taxable goods or cash equal to or higher than 10,000 US dollars must:

• register online
• complete the form, and present the digital version (QR code) to customs on arrival/departure (airports, land borders, ports)

This form must be completed at least three days before travelling. Failure to declare goods can lead to fines, confiscation of goods or criminal charges.

Taking money out of Ecuador  

You must declare cash you’re carrying when you leave Ecuador. You will have to pay tax on amounts over 1,350 US dollars. 

Safety and security

You should also read FCDO’s overall travel advice and regional risks advice. 

Terrorism  

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Ecuador  

Terrorist attacks in Ecuador cannot be ruled out. 

Political situation  

Due to the current State of Emergency, expect heightened police and military presence nationwide without previous notice, and potential travel disruptions due to extra security checks.

Exercise caution around large gatherings. Street demonstrations, protests and strikes are common and can occur without warning. While most are peaceful, they can turn violent. You should: 

• stay alert and monitor local media  
• avoid large gatherings 
• follow updates from the ECU 911 emergency services 
• be wary of unverified information 
• allow extra time to reach your destination  
• check road conditions (in Spanish) on the Ecuadorean government website 

Even peaceful protests can lead to travel disruption.

Crime 

Protecting yourself and your belongings  

Mugging and pickpocketing are common, take care in Quito’s old town and at transport hubs. The methods criminals use include: 

• distraction techniques (for example, requests for assistance, squirting liquids on to you, staged fights and pushing or shoving) 
• bag snatching at knife or gunpoint by a passenger on a motorbike  

To reduce your risk: 

• stay alert in public places  
• avoid walking alone in quiet areas or at night 
• do not wear expensive jewellery in public 
• carry only the money you need for the day 
• take care of your credit cards 
• watch your bags on public transport and wear your rucksack on the front of your body 
• carry a colour copy of your passport, including the visa entry stamp page – keep the original safe
• use a money belt or secure inside pocket to keep your passport, credit cards and money safe

For more information on general travel safety in Ecuador, check the Ministry of Tourism website.

Violent crime and armed robbery 

On 14 October 2025, a car bomb exploded near the Mall del Sol shopping centre and the Sheraton Hotel in northern Guayaquil, resulting in multiple injuries and at least one fatality. Secondary explosions were reported on 15 October 2025 on a road connecting the provinces of Guayas and El Oro.

Armed robbery is a risk throughout Ecuador. Crimes with the threat of violence, such as gunpoint robbery and home invasion, can happen throughout Ecuador.  

Take particular care in Esmeraldas, Guayas and Manabi provinces (currently the FCDO advises against all but essential travel to those provinces) and get local advice on where to visit. Armed thieves have stopped vehicles and threatened passengers.  

Most violent crime is gang-related, but tourists can be affected. The murder rate in Guayaquil is very high, but is mainly gang-related. Be particularly cautious in Guayaquil city centre, southern parts of the city and port areas.

Since March 2023, organised crime gangs have caused small explosions and made false bomb threats in Quito and Guayaquil. If you’re near an incident, follow the instructions of police and local authorities. 

Get local advice about the area you’re visiting and travel in a group when possible. 

ATM and bank customer robbery 

Take care when withdrawing money from a bank or ATM. Where possible use ATMs inside banks or shopping centres, and avoid withdrawing money after dark. There have been violent robberies outside banks. The Ecuadorean national police offers a free escort service if you are withdrawing or depositing large quantities of cash. To request this service, call 911. Only take out as much money as you need. 

Transport robbery 

There is a risk of robbery and pickpocketing on interstate transport and at bus stations, including on routes commonly used by tourists. To reduce your risk: 

• avoid road travel after dark 
• keep valuables safe in a money belt or inside pocket 
• do not store bags in overhead luggage spaces or under your seat 

Criminals can pose as uniformed bus inspectors in some Quito bus stations. They might insist you place your luggage overhead so an accomplice can steal it later. You do not have to place belongings overhead. 

If you are robbed, do not resist attackers or do anything that puts you at greater risk. Report the incident to the police as soon as possible.  

Sexual assault 

Serious sexual assaults and attacks against foreign women have happened in Ecuador, particularly in the tourist beach town of Montañita in Santa Elena Province. Check reviews of your accommodation to make sure it is reputable and secure, even if you’re travelling in a group. Avoid travel after dark and be alert to the use of date rape and other drugs in drinks. If you feel unwell, seek urgent help from the police or nearest health centre. Call 911 for the emergency services. 

See information for victims of rape and sexual assault in Ecuador. 

You can report gender-based violence to the Prosecutor Office (‘Fiscalía’) online.  

Criminal kidnap  

Kidnapping rates have risen in Ecuador. Express kidnappings – short term opportunistic abductions, aimed at extracting cash from the victim – are common throughout Ecuador. Victims can be targeted or selected at random. They are held while criminals withdraw money from their bank accounts using their cash cards. Many cases involve victims who have hailed taxis (registered or illegal) from the street. In some cases, victims are subdued with scopolamine (causing amnesia). Be aware of your surroundings and always let someone you trust know your whereabouts, especially after dark.

Business people and visitors perceived to be wealthy may be targeted by kidnappers in search of pay-outs. Be discreet about discussing your financial or business affairs in places where you may be overheard by others, and when arranging meetings use a secure location.

If you are a victim of kidnapping, follow the kidnapper’s instructions.

Drug-assisted robbery 

Criminals may use drugs to incapacitate victims and facilitate robbery. Homemade versions of the drug scopolamine can disorient individuals and impair their ability to resist or remember events. Scopolamine can be absorbed through the skin and may be applied to your hand, face or body without you realising. 

Remain cautious if approached by strangers offering items such as food, drinks, leaflets or perfume samples, even if they appear friendly or well-dressed. Some British nationals have reported incidents involving this type of drug in private rented accommodation. You should exercise caution when inviting unfamiliar people into your home or rented accommodation.

Methanol poisoning

There has been an increase in cases of serious illness caused by alcoholic drinks containing methanol in popular travel destinations around the world.

Even small amounts of methanol can kill. It is not possible to identify methanol in alcoholic drinks by taste or smell. See Travel Aware Spiking and methanol poisoning for information about how to reduce the risks.

Seek urgent medical attention if you or someone you are travelling with show the signs of methanol poisoning after drinking.

Laws and cultural differences  

Personal ID 

By law you must carry ID. Always carry a printed copy of your passport, including the pages with your photograph and Ecuadorean entry stamp.

Illegal drugs and prison sentences 

The penalties for drug trafficking or drug use are harsh, and prison conditions are very basic.  

‘Spiritual cleansing’ hallucinogens 

In Ecuador people use traditional hallucinogens such as Ayahuasca or San Pedro. These substances are marketed to tourists for ‘spiritual cleansing’ rituals. They often contain dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a strong hallucinogen that is illegal in the UK.

There are many risks when taking these substances including: 

• serious illness and death 
• assault and robbery while intoxicated 
• lack of nearby medical help as these ceremonies often take place in remote locations  

Consumption of traditional hallucinogens is unregulated. 

LGBT+ travellers 

Same-sex relations are legal in Ecuador. However, local attitudes towards the LGBT+ community can be conservative and there is still societal discrimination. People may be less tolerant of same-sex couples showing affection in public than they are in the UK. Showing affection may attract negative attention, especially in small towns. Transgender people in particular could face unwanted attention. 

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers. 

Money 

US dollars and 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos coins minted in Ecuador are the only legal currencies. Credit cards and travellers cheques are generally accepted in cities but not elsewhere in the country.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism  

Volunteer and adventure activities 

If you join a volunteer or adventure expedition programme, make sure the UK organisation responsible for travel has an official agent in Ecuador able to handle an emergency. Be wary of unauthorised intermediaries (‘enganchadores’) trying to offer you cheap hotels or tour deals. 

British nationals have died while rafting, kayaking and on canopy walks and zip-lines. Make sure you’re fit enough for these activities and others such as bungee jumping and quad biking. For water adventure sports, make sure the weather conditions and river currents are safe. 

You should: 

• only use reputable tour operators with a specific licence to provide these services 
• be aware equipment may not meet UK safety and insurance standards 
• check the company uses the most up-to-date equipment and safety features 
• check the company is properly insured 
• make sure your insurance covers all your activities 

Swimming safety 

There is a risk of drowning caused by strong, rapidly changing ocean currents. Beaches do not always have swimming safety warning flags. Seek local advice on tidal activity. 

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society.

Hiking and mountaineering 

If you’re hiking or mountaineering in Ecuador, prepare for high altitude and unpredictable climates. Hire an accredited guide or tour operator for these activities.

You should: 

• climb at a moderate rate so your body can adjust 
• stay well hydrated 
• keep to established paths or use an experienced guide 
• make sure someone knows where you’re going and when you plan to return 
• avoid walking alone 

Lightning has killed tourists climbing mountains. Watch the weather and reconsider your plans if conditions look bad. Turn off any electronic devices if you encounter a thunderstorm; this prevents electrical surges, stops devices from acting as lightning rods, and protects you from close-range strikes.

For more information on climbing or mountaineering, see the Ministry of Environment, [Ecuador Tourism] (https://www.turismo.gob.ec/), and Chimborazo Local Government.

For accredited guides, check the Ecuadorean Mountaineering Accredited Guides Association (in Spanish).

Climbing mountains with glaciers

It is illegal to do high mountaineering or climb a glaciated mountain without an official accredited guide.

Pichincha volcano  

Tourists take day trips to Pichincha volcano on the cable car (‘teleférico’) from Quito. Cruz Loma arrival station is at 4.050 metres above sea level. There have been accidents on the route to one of the peaks, Rucu Pichincha, including deaths from hypothermia. You should:

• be aware of the risk of altitude sickness  
• take warm, waterproof clothing and high-factor sunblock 
• go with an accredited specialised guide who knows the route 
• start early to reduce risks from unexpected heavy mist or storms 
• wear a helmet if climbing up the peak Rucu Pichincha

Cayambe Volcano

There may be access restrictions for Cayambe volcano depending on the weather and glacier conditions. Comply with safety regulations.

Chimborazo Reserve  

To visit Chimborazo National Reserve, you must email [email protected] at least 5 days in advance to register on the Biodiversity Information System (‘Sistema de Información de Biodiversidad’). The Chimborazo National Reserve is only open for tour operators and accredited mountaineering clubs after an avalanche killed 3 climbers in 2021.

Cotopaxi National Park 

High mountaineering in Cotopaxi National Park is restricted. Since November 2023, tour operators, mountaineering clubs and individual visitors can go high mountaineering in Cotopaxi National Park. However, they must comply with mandatory national park rules and safety regulations.

For information, see the Ecuadorean Ministry of Environment. 

If you’re visiting Cotopaxi National Park, carry: 

• sunglasses and a hat 
• clothing that covers your skin 
• enough water and food 
• an emergency kit

Transport risks  

Road travel  

If you are planning to drive in Ecuador, see information on driving abroad. 

You can use a UK photocard driving licence to drive in Ecuador for the first 6 months after you arrive. If you still have a paper UK driving licence, you may need to update it to a photocard licence or get the correct version of the international driving permit (IDP) as well. After 6 months, you need to take an Ecuadorean driving test to get an Ecuadorean driving licence or carry out the driving licence exchange process.

Always carry your passport, driving licence and vehicle registration with you in the vehicle.  

Hire car companies often have stricter requirements for their customers, such as 6 months of driving experience, a minimum age of 18 years old and holding an IDP.

Some cities do not allow vehicles with Ecuadorean plates to drive on certain days or at peak times based on the last digits of their car’s registration plate. Check for restrictions before you drive. You could be fined if you do not follow the rules.  

Driving conditions 

Ecuador has one of the highest rates of road accidents in Latin America due to careless driving, speeding and badly maintained vehicles. There have been many deaths, including British nationals.  

In Ecuador: 

• road conditions vary 
• heavy rains and mudslides often cause roads to be closed or wash away  
• driving can be erratic – be prepared to stop unexpectedly  
• vehicles may move slowly, change lanes without indicating or jump red lights 
• many drivers are uninsured 
• drivers usually ignore zebra crossings 

Always wear a seat belt. If you’re a passenger in a speeding vehicle, ask the driver to slow down. 

Taxis  

Book taxis through your hotel or by calling a known radio-dispatched taxi service. Travel in a group if possible. Using unregistered taxis significantly increases your risk of becoming a victim of crime.  

While taxi service apps do exist and provide the driver’s details, the services themselves are unregulated in Ecuador.

If you’re using a yellow registered taxi in Quito or Guayaquil, make sure it has:  

• a municipality registration number sticker on the windscreen and doors 
• orange licence plates or the new white plates with an orange strip on the top 
• video cameras inside 

There are authorised taxi booths at Quito and Guayaquil international airports, and potentially at other domestic airports.

If you’re using a yellow registered taxi in Quito, make sure the driver resets the meter. In Guayaquil and other cities, taxis use fixed prices rather than meters. In these places, or if you or your hotel calls a taxi in Quito, agree a price before you get in. 

Sea travel 

There has been piracy and armed robbery against ships in and around Ecuador’s waters. Sailors should stay alert and take appropriate precautions.

If you’re travelling by sea, read about the regional risks at sea.

There have been several serious accidents in the Galapagos Islands involving tour company boats and smaller vessels transporting people between islands. Some of the smaller boats do not follow safety measures, such as holding the right licence, respecting maximum capacity for passengers, checking their motor or fuel and providing enough life vests. Use reputable boat operators and ask about safety features before you book, even for short trips. Check they provide life vests and lifeboats (if appropriate) before boarding.

Extreme weather and natural disasters 

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.  

2026–2027 El Niño

The Ecuadorean authorities have issued a red alert ahead of the forecast 2026-2027 El Niño weather event.

El Niño is expected to generate unusually heavy rainfall, possible flooding and landslides, and higher temperatures, which may disrupt travel and other services.

Extreme weather may affect your travel plans. Monitor local news and weather reports and follow the advice of local authorities. For official updates and forecasts, see the Ecuadorean government’s El Niño information website (in Spanish).

Landslides 

Landslides are common in Ecuador and can have a serious impact on travel. Heavy rains can lead to landslides, which frequently lead to road closures. Check the weather forecast if you are travelling by road.  

Earthquakes 

There is a high risk of earthquakes across Ecuador. Earthquakes and aftershocks can cause landslides, which block roads.  

Familiarise yourself with safety procedures and any instructions in your hotel. If there is an earthquake, follow instructions from the authorities and keep essential belongings, such as your passport and money, with you.  

Get information (in Spanish) following an earthquake from the: 

• Ecuadorean National Geophysical Institute
• Secretariat for Risk Management (Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos) – check current alerts
• ECU 911 emergency services

The US Federal Emergency Management Agency website has advice about what to do before, during and after an earthquake. 

You can also get earthquake alerts with an Android phone. 

Tsunamis 

There is a high risk of tsunamis along the coast and in the Galapagos Islands. If there is a tsunami alert, sirens will sound in Esmeraldas, El Oro, Guayas, Santa Elena, Manabí and Galapagos. See evacuation route maps and follow the advice of the authorities. 

Rainy season 

The rainy season usually runs from October to May but can last until June. 

During heavy rainy seasons: 

• monitor local media 
• check your itinerary with your tour operator to avoid disruption 
• avoid river crossings due to potential strong currents  
• take care in affected areas 

The weather can change quickly. Check weather forecasts. Get local advice on tides if you’re near the coast. 

If you’re climbing or mountaineering, get official advice from the authorities and tour operators.  

Forest fires 

Forest fires happen in many areas, especially in Pichincha, Loja, Azuay and Cotopaxi provinces , due to high temperatures, strong winds, dry conditions and arson. Call 911 if you see a fire. 

Volcanic eruptions 

There are many volcanoes in the highlands of Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. Some are currently erupting, active or potentially active. Check the current volcano alerts (in Spanish). Follow instructions issued by the local authorities. 

Ashfall from volcanoes can disrupt flights and close airports at short notice. Before going to the airport, check with your airline and on the airport website. Ash is also a health hazard, especially for travellers with respiratory problems. 

There is a high risk from mixed flows of water, mud, lava and debris (‘lahars’) around glaciated volcanoes, including Cotopaxi. These flows can be very destructive. The towns of Latacunga and Salcedo and low-lying areas in the valley to the east of Quito (Los Chillos and Rumiñahui) are particularly vulnerable. 

Access to the Reventador volcano (Napo province) is currently restricted.

Regional risks

This section has safety advice for regions of Ecuador. It only covers regions where FCDO has specific advice.  

You should also read FCDO’s overall travel advice and safety and security advice.  

Coastal regions

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to the Coastal Region provinces of:

• Esmeraldas
• Manabi
• Santa Elena
• El Oro
• Los Ríos
• Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas

This is due to a high level of gang-related violence linked to the presence of organised crime relating to the production and trafficking of illegal drugs.

Tourists are not usually targeted. However, you could be a victim of violence due to mistaken identity or be caught up in a security incident involving others.

Guayas

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to the Coastal Region province of Guayas, except:

• airside transit within Guayaquil Airport in Guayas province.

If you are travelling to or from the Galápagos Islands via Guayaquil airport you should check with the airline before booking to ensure you will remain airside at Guayaquil Airport.

This is due to a high level of gang-related violence linked to the presence of organised crime relating to the production and trafficking of illegal drugs.

There are instances of express kidnapping, where individuals have been kidnapped for a short period of time, and are often driven to an ATM to withdraw money and then abandoned.

There have been several security incidents in and around the city of Guayaquil in Guayas province since 2023 including an increase in murders and small explosions. There have also been fatal armed attacks against the police and prosecutors.

Tourists are not usually targeted. However, you could be a victim of violence due to mistaken identity or caught up in a security incident involving others.

Within 20km of the Ecuador-Colombia border 

FCDO advises against all but essential travel to areas within 20km of the Ecuador-Colombia border, except for these areas in Carchi province: 

• El Ángel Ecological Reserve  
• Rumichaca border crossing 
• the town of Tulcán 
• the Pan-American Highway  

This is due to the presence of organised crime linked to the production and trafficking of drugs. 

The security situation can change quickly in areas outside the 20km border zone, including Esmeraldas, Carchi and Sucumbíos provinces. There are illegal armed groups and criminal gangs in these areas. If you are travelling to these areas, including Cuyabeno, the Napo River, and the El Ángel Ecological Reserve, where there are ecolodges, you should: 

• stay alert and take local advice 
• pay close attention to warnings issued by the Ecuadorean authorities  
• travel during daylight hours with a reputable, official guide 
• have an emergency plan and good communication systems in place 
• be aware some lodges are far from a major hospital  

If you cross the northern border at Tulcán (Rumichaca official land border point), enter and exit the town on the Pan-American Highway.  

Lago Agrio (also known as Nueva Loja) the main town in Sucumbíos province, and San Lorenzo, in Esmeraldas province, are both within the 20km border zone where FCDO advises against all but essential travel. 

Health

Before you travel check that: 

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need 
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation 

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant. 

Emergency medical number 

Call 911 and ask for an ambulance. 

Contact your insurance company quickly if you’re referred to a medical facility for treatment. 

You can get emergency assistance and register medical issues using the ECU 911 smartphone application. 

Vaccine recommendations and health risks 

At least 8 weeks before your trip: 

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Ecuador 
• where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page 

See what health risks you’ll face in Ecuador, including Oropouche virus.

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Ecuador. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro. 

Ultraviolet radiation is a risk in Ecuador. Read more about sun protection on TravelHealthPro.

Drinking water 

To avoid getting sick, drink boiled, filtered or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks.  

Medication 

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries.  

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro. 

Pharmacies in Ecuador may accept some UK prescriptions. They will accept antimicrobial prescriptions up to 3 days old and narcotic or psychotropic prescriptions up to 5 days old. 

Healthcare in Ecuador  

The Ecuadorean public healthcare system provides the same level of care to locals and foreigners free of charge. However, it is currently facing challenges, including delays in obtaining appointments and limited access to medicines, due to funding constraints, increased demand and potential staff shortages. Private treatment can be very expensive, and private hospitals require a credit card guarantee for admission. Healthcare standards and access to specialised treatment can vary, and may be limited outside major cities.

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Ecuador where some staff will speak English.

See hospitalisation information pack for further details on healthcare in Ecuador, including a list of hospitals. 

Healthcare in the Galapagos Islands 

There are limited medical facilities in the Galapagos Islands. You should ensure that your travel insurance includes air ambulance evacuation.

If you travel to the Galapagos Islands by boat, you may be asked to supply information such as your blood group and emergency contacts when you board. 

Healthcare provision varies across the islands. San Cristóbal has a relatively well-equipped public hospital, although it may face the same constraints as mainland facilities. Santa Cruz has a basic hospital that is currently undergoing refurbishment. Isabela Island only has a very small and extremely basic health centre.

Travel and mental health 

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro. You can find information about mental health support for British nationals in Ecuador.

Expatriates, employment and immigration in Ecuador

A temporary visit to Ecuador and permission to reside there are separate planning questions. The terms “expatriate”, “immigrant” and “resident” describe circumstances, but they do not identify an immigration category by themselves. Determine the lawful basis for the intended stay and whether the application is made before travel or through a permitted procedure after arrival. This guide does not assume that a visitor can change status locally, obtain employment or remain indefinitely.

For employment, confirm whether the prospective employer must sponsor the applicant, obtain an approval or demonstrate particular conditions before the worker applies. Ask whether the permission is tied to a specific employer, occupation or location and what happens if the employment ends. Professional licensing, recognition of qualifications and an immigration work authorisation may be separate requirements. A job offer without the required permission should not be treated as a lawful start date.

International students should verify the institution, course eligibility and the immigration requirements directly with the competent offices. Admission, tuition payment and a student visa are separate milestones. Establish whether part-time work is allowed, whether dependants can accompany the student and what options exist after the course. Do not infer work rights or a settlement route from a school’s marketing claims. Keep a budget for study, accommodation, insurance and the return journey.

For family migration, establish which relationships are recognised and what evidence is accepted. Marriage, partnership, parenthood or dependency may involve different procedures, and a family member’s nationality does not automatically settle the applicant’s rights. Check income, accommodation or sponsorship requirements where applicable. Document custody and consent for children travelling with one parent. If names differ across civil records, obtain appropriate explanations and accepted supporting documents.

Long-term residence and citizenship should be researched as distinct stages. Temporary permits can expire, require renewal or impose limits on absence. Permanent status may have separate qualifying conditions, and naturalisation may involve language, residence, conduct or other legal tests. No number of years or automatic entitlement is promised here for Ecuador. Before relying on a future route, ask the responsible authority or a qualified local adviser to identify the current provision and its conditions.

Practical preparation for living in Ecuador

The language information for Ecuador lists Spanish. Identify the language used by the office handling the application and by the intended employer, school, clinic or landlord. A multilingual country can have significant regional differences. Arrange interpretation when accuracy matters, particularly for a contract or medical consultation, and keep translated copies of essential information. Everyday language learning can help integration, but it does not replace a required certified translation.

Use United States dollar (USD) as the starting point for a local budget and verify the monetary arrangements with the relevant central bank or financial institution. Avoid treating an old exchange-rate statistic as a quote for a present transaction. Separate immigration fees, transport, deposits, accommodation, utilities, insurance and professional charges. Compare the exchange rate, transfer fee and receiving-bank cost, and keep a reserve for a delayed arrival or an unexpected return journey.

An accommodation decision should follow the lawful duration and purpose of stay. Verify the property, the landlord’s authority and the contract before paying a deposit. Ask about utilities, notice periods, registration documents and refund conditions. A temporary booking can provide flexibility while the newcomer checks a neighbourhood and travel times. If accommodation evidence is needed for an application, confirm the accepted form with the authority rather than assuming that every informal invitation or booking is sufficient.

Healthcare preparation should reflect both the traveller’s health and the local services available. Review the country-specific health advice where supplied, consult an appropriate clinician for vaccinations or medication questions, and check the insurance wording. Carry prescriptions and establish the rules for importing controlled medicines. A familiar medicine brand may not be available in Ecuador; plan continuity of treatment through a legitimate provider. Insurance should cover the actual activities and circumstances of the stay.

Families should assess schools, childcare, accessibility and the effect of the move on each member’s legal status. Check enrolment documents and whether translated academic or vaccination records are required. An adult’s work permission does not necessarily give a spouse work rights or a child access to every service. A realistic plan includes transport, communication, emergency contacts and arrangements if one family member’s application is delayed or refused.

Tax residence, immigration residence and access to public services can be governed by different rules. A person may need professional advice about income earned abroad, employment deductions or obligations in both the departure and destination jurisdictions. Do not infer tax treatment from an immigration label. Keep records of arrival and departure dates, contracts and payments, and ask a qualified adviser to identify the relevant rules for the actual circumstances.

After arrival, check whether a residence card, address registration, identity number or another local procedure is required by the authorised route. Maintain a calendar of expiry dates and renewal windows using the official instructions. Keep important records securely, with a backup available if a device is lost. When leaving Ecuador, settle contractual obligations, retain payment evidence and check whether departure affects a continuing permission or a future return.

A preparation checklist for Ecuador

Prepare one coherent personal record before consulting an adviser. It should state the traveller’s nationality, passport type, current legal residence, destination, intended dates and purpose. Include dependants and all transit points. This simple profile reduces misunderstandings and helps the adviser distinguish a visitor application from employment, study or family residence. Leave out unnecessary sensitive documents until the recipient and purpose have been verified.

Create a document register with the issuing body, issue date, expiry date, language and any certification requirement for each item. Note whether an original, copy or digital version is accepted. This is particularly useful for civil records and qualifications that may take time to obtain. A well-organised file makes it easier to answer a request for additional evidence without accidentally sending contradictory versions of the same document.

Use a financial worksheet that separates the application cost from the cost of the journey and the first period in Ecuador. Record which payments are refundable and what conditions apply. A consultation charge, government visa fee, airline ticket and accommodation deposit are different transactions with different terms. Request itemised invoices and retain receipts; a single total described as a “visa package” can obscure what has actually been purchased.

Before submitting the application, read the form as a whole. Check dates against the itinerary, employment details against the contract and funds against the stated budget. Where an explanation is needed, make it factual and concise. If a representative prepares the application, review it yourself before signing. Responsibility for the truth of the information should not be delegated to an adviser or a travel agent.

Before departure, check the current official entry and travel advice, the transport operating status, the documents required at boarding and any arrival formalities. Download essential records for offline use and keep paper copies where practical. Share the itinerary with a trusted contact and confirm the first arrival transfer. A complete application file is useful, but it is the current permission and actual travel conditions that determine whether the planned journey can proceed.

Choosing assistance for a Ecuador application

Select a consultant by relevant experience and a clear written scope. Ask which part of the process the consultation covers: identifying an appropriate category, explaining a checklist, reviewing evidence or representing the applicant where permitted. The adviser should distinguish general preparation from legal representation and identify any local licensing or authorisation required for the service. A confident sales statement is not a substitute for a source-backed explanation.

Request a written fee breakdown and understand what is excluded. Government charges, translations, courier costs, appointments and further representation may be separate. Ask who will handle the file, how questions are answered and what records the customer receives. A consultant should not promise guaranteed approval or claim influence over the decision-maker. The authority responsible for Ecuador determines the outcome under the applicable rules.

When using VisaWand, compare the profile, the consultation scope and the displayed fee before booking. The consultation is an opportunity to clarify the route and preparation; it does not itself create entry permission. Keep control of original documents, email accounts and official application credentials. Provide sensitive material only through an appropriate verified channel, and ask how it will be stored, used and deleted when the service ends.